Clear explanations of confusing medical terms and comprehensive synonym lists to help you better understand your health.
Hemoglobin checks for anemia (oxygen-carrying capacity). HbA1c measures average blood sugar for diabetes. They are completely different tests despite similar names.
Screening is done on healthy individuals to detect potential diseases early, while diagnostic tests are performed on individuals with symptoms to confirm a condition.
Hematology is the specific study of blood diseases (anemia, leukemia). Pathology is the general study of disease causes and effects, often examining tissues or bodily fluids.
ECG records the electrical activity of the heart to check rhythm, while ECHO uses ultrasound to visualize the heart's structure and pumping action.
EKG checks the heart's electrical activity. EEG records brain wave patterns to detect seizures or other brain disorders.
MRI uses magnets and radio waves for detailed soft tissue images (brain, ligaments). CT scans use X-rays and are faster, better for bones and acute injuries.
Colonoscopy examines the large intestine (colon) via the rectum. Endoscopy (Upper GI) examines the esophagus and stomach via the throat.
Urinalysis is a quick chemical screen for infection or kidney issues. Urine Culture grows bacteria in a lab to identify the specific bug and best antibiotic.
Mammogram is an X-ray for breast cancer screening. Ultrasound uses sound waves to investigate specific lumps found on a mammogram (e.g., cyst vs solid mass).
DEXA measures bone mineral density to screen for osteoporosis. Bone Scan is a nuclear medicine test to find cancer, infection, or fractures in the bone.
Type 1 is an autoimmune condition typically starting in childhood. Type 2 is a metabolic disorder related to insulin resistance, often lifestyle-linked.
HDL is 'good' cholesterol that cleans arteries. LDL is 'bad' cholesterol that clogs them. You want High HDL and Low LDL.
Angiogram is an imaging test to see blocked arteries. Angioplasty is the procedure to open those blocked arteries (often with a stent).
Antibody tests check for past infection or immunity. Antigen tests check for a currently active viral infection.
A heart attack is a 'plumbing' problem (blocked blood flow). Cardiac arrest is an 'electrical' problem (heart stops beating unexpectedly).
Viral infections are caused by viruses (flu, cold) and need rest/antivirals. Bacterial infections (strep, oxidized) can be cured with antibiotics.
Allergies involve the immune system and can be life-threatening (anaphylaxis). Intolerances involve the digestive system (bloating, gas).
Acute conditions appear suddenly and improve quickly (flu, fracture). Chronic conditions develop slowly and persist for months/years (diabetes, arthritis).