Blood Test

HbA1c (Glycated Hemoglobin)

A hemoglobin A1C test is a blood test that shows your average level of blood glucose over the past 2-3 months. Glucose sticks to hemoglobin in your red blood cells. As glucose levels increase, more hemoglobin becomes coated with glucose. Since red blood cells live about 3 months, the test reflects average blood sugar.

Also known as: HbA1C, A1C, Glycohemoglobin, Glycated hemoglobin, Glycosylated hemoglobin

Normal Range

ParameterReference Range
Normal< 5.7%
Prediabetes5.7–6.4%
Diabetes≥ 6.5%

Who Should Take This Test?

Used to screen for or diagnose Type 2 diabetes and prediabetes. If you have diabetes or prediabetes, it can help monitor your condition and check how well you've been controlling blood glucose levels.

How It Works

A health care professional takes a blood sample from a vein in your arm. The sample is analyzed to measure the percentage of hemoglobin coated with glucose. No fasting required.

Preparation

No fasting is required. You can eat and drink normally. Inform your provider about medications you take, especially opioids and HIV medicines, as they may affect results. Pregnancy may also affect results.

How Often?

Normal results: Based on age and risk factors. Prediabetes: Every 1-2 years. Diabetes: At least twice a year.

Symptoms to Watch

Feeling very thirsty
Urinating frequently
Losing weight without trying
Feeling very hungry
Blurred vision
Numb or tingling hands or feet
Fatigue
Dry skin
Sores that heal slowly
More infections than usual

Risk Factors

Age over 45 years
Prediabetes diagnosis
Overweight or obesity
Parent or sibling with type 2 diabetes
High blood pressure or high cholesterol
Heart disease or previous stroke
Physically active less than 3 times a week
History of gestational diabetes or baby over 9 pounds
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)

Related Conditions

Type 2 DiabetesPrediabetesHeart DiseaseKidney DiseaseNerve Damage

Cost Comparison in India

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Medical Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational purposes only and is not intended as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider.